Ma mua o ka makahiki 1863, ʻo nā kinikini a pau -pūhui i ʻike ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e nā kānaka, he mau pūhui silika ʻanoʻokoʻa ʻole, me nā huahana kilikaka maoli-i hoʻololi ʻia i mau huahana hou e like me ka seramika, ke kima, a me ke aniani. I ka makahiki 1863, ua hoʻohui ka poʻe kemika Farani ʻo C. Feidedel lāua ʻo JM raft i ka tetraethyl silane ma ka hopena o ka ethyl zinc me ka silicon tetrafluoride i loko o kahi paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO ia ka hui organosilicon mua i ka mōʻaukala. Ua hōʻailona kēia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kemika organosilicon.
Mai ia manawa mai, hoʻomau ka poʻe chemists i nā pūhui organosilicon hou. Ma waena o lākou, pono e haʻi ʻia ʻo A. Lamenberg, nāna e hoʻohana i ka ethyl orthosilicate e pani ai i ka silicon tetrachloride a e hana me ka zinc alkyl no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūhui organosilicon me mono -, II -, a me III silicon functionals, a me A.Polis, nāna i hoʻohui i ka mua all{5}}arylsilanetz, ma o ka CAWsilanetz reaction, tetraphenyl. I loko o nā makahiki 40 a hiki i 1903, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā hana ʻenehana i hoʻoikaika maoli i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka silicone, ua hana nui nā mea kemika i nā hana paionia i kēia wā. No laila, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia kēia pae ʻo ka manawa hoʻokumu o silicone.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo FSKipping chemist Pelekane kaulana ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka kemika organosilicon. Mai ka makahiki 1898 a hiki i ka makahiki 1944, ua alaka'i 'o ia i ka noi'i nui a me ka -hohonu ma keia kahua a ho'opuka mau i 51 mau pepa pili ma ka Journal of the Chemical Society of the United Kingdom.
I ka makahiki 1904, ua ʻike kūʻokoʻa ʻo W a me ka German chemist Dithey e hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā pūhui organosilicon ma o ka hopena Grignard. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma mua o nā ʻano metala -organic synthesis mua ma muli o kona maʻalahi o ka hana, kiʻekiʻe ka hopena, ākea ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e synthesize i nā ʻano hui organosilicon me nā hana silika like ʻole
Kip-ping i hoʻohui i ka heluna nui o nā pūhui organosilicon maikaʻi-ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano hana. Ua lilo kēia ʻano i kumu o ka ʻoihana organosilicon i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano hana synthesis koʻikoʻi no ka organosilicon i kēia lā. RMgCl+SiCl- RSiCl:+RSiCl+R:SiC1+ RSi +MgCl,(2.3) Kipping synthesized organochlorosilanes me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano Grignard reagent a ʻike ʻia hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia lākou e hana i nā silanols. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike pū ʻo ia e hiki i ka silanediol a me ka siltriol ke hana hou i ka condensation intermolecular e hana i nā polymers. Eia naʻe, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokalakupua, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻolohe iki i kēia hopena a hoʻowahāwahā ʻia i kēia mau huahana polymer. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i aʻo iā lākou. Ma kēia ʻano, ua hana ʻo Dilthey i kahi hana koʻikoʻi: hoʻohui ʻo ia i ka diphenylsilanediol e kiʻi i ka hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane. ʻO kēia ka pūhui polysiloxane cyclic mua i hōʻike ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala. He paionia ia i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka silicon linear-oxane, a he hana maikaʻi loa kona hiki ʻana mai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā polymers organosilicon.
Mai ka makahiki 1904 a hiki i ka makahiki 1937, ʻaʻole i hoʻohui wale nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā pūhui organosilicon maʻalahi akā ua hoʻomohala pū kekahi i nā polysiloxysaccharides cyclic a me linear. Eia hou, ua ʻike ʻo A.Stock i nā silanhydrides he nui i ka noiʻi kumu a ua hoʻomaka i ka synthesis o nā pūhui ʻātoma silika asymmetric. ʻO nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala iho nei he wā ulu no ka kemika organosilicon.
Ma hope o ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe Kemika e ʻike i ka manaʻolana no ka hoʻohana ʻana o -molecular organosilicon pūhui kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka poʻe noiʻi mua loa ma kēia kahua ʻo JFHyde o Corning Glass Company ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, WJ Petnode a me EGRochow o General Electric (GE) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me KA o ka Soviet Union mua Andrianov a me BNDolgov, R. Miller mai Kelemānia, etc.
ʻO Hyde, kū'ē i ka manaʻo o Kipping, ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻohui i ke kemika organosilicon me ke kemika polymer. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana, ua hana ʻo Corning Inc. i nā resins silikoni, nā uhi, nā mea hana impregnating a me nā huahana polyorganosiloxane he nui no ka lole aniani insulating uila. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo DowChemicals o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka noiʻi hana ʻana o polyorganosiloxanes a hoʻokumu i nā mea kanu pilote no ka dimethyl silicone oil a me ka methyl phenyl silicone resin i ka makahiki 1942. I kēlā manawa, ua hana nui ʻia nā monomers organochlorosilane e ke ʻano Grignard, no laila ua lilo ka lako o nā monomer i bottleneck nui e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā polymers organosilicon. I ka makahiki 1940, ua hana ʻo Rochow i ke "ʻano synthesis pololei" o ka methylsilane a noi ʻia no kahi patent. ʻAʻole hoʻohana kēia ʻano i nā solvents. He kinoea-paʻa paʻa ka hopena kahi i hoʻokomo pono ʻia ai ka chloromethane i loko o ka pauka silika i loaʻa i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe keleawe (Equation 2.4). I kēia manawa wale nō, ua noi ʻo Muller chemist Kelemania i kahi patent like, akā ʻo ka lā mua he ʻeiwa mahina ma mua o Rochow. ʻO kēia haʻawina koʻikoʻi ua hoʻāla i kahi hoʻololi nui i ka hana ʻana i ka silicone a hāpai i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka ʻoihana silicone.
I ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻokumu pū ʻo Dow Chemical Company a me Corning Inc. i ka hui ʻoihana silicone kaulana - Dow Corning Corporation, a ma ia makahiki hoʻokahi, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hana no ka hana ʻana i nā polyorganosiloxanes ma Mdand, Michigan, USA. Ua hoʻomohala koke ka hui i ka mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻoheheʻe DC#4 a ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ia i nā mokulele -kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomohala ka hui i nā ʻano he nui o ka resin silicone, nā uhi, ka aila shockproof, ka aila lubricating, defoamers a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1947, ua hoʻokumu pū ʻo General Electric Company i kahi mahele organosilicon, nāna i hana i ke kinoea organosilicon ma ke ala pololei a hana i nā huahana polysiloxane. Ua lawe ʻia ka ʻenehana hana o General Electric Company e nā hale hana silicone.
ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i ke kahua o nā polymers silicone i ka Soviet Union mua he mea koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Andrianov. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana nui ʻana i ka polysiloxane polymers a me ka synthesizing he nui nā organosilicon polymers me ka waiwai noi kūpono, ua hoʻolauna pū ʻo ia i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka boron, aluminika, titanium, tin a me ka phosphorus i loko o ka hale polysiloxane no ka hoʻololi ʻana. ʻO ia hoʻi ka mea mua i hoʻohana i ka silazane ma ke ʻano he uhi wai.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ma muli o ka hoʻohana kūleʻa ʻana o nā huahana silicone i ka hana pūʻali koa, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana silicone a ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana ma ke ala maʻamau. I ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hui hana huahana silicone ma nā ʻāina like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻano mea like ʻole silicone polymer, e like me ka pulupulu silikoni (me ka -wela ho'ōla wela kiʻekiʻe, ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela o ka lumi, ka pulupulu silikoni aniani, ka ʻaila-pale fluorosilicone kūpaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ka ʻaila diffusion pump, laminating resin, silicone emulsion, silicone surfactant, anti
Ma waena o 1938 a me 1965, ma ke kumumanaʻo a me ka hoʻohana ʻana; Ke holomua wikiwiki nei ka kemika organosilicon ma nā monomers a me nā polymers. Eia nā mea nui e hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia: silicylation reactions, hydrosilylation reactions, noiʻi e pili ana i photoactive organosilicon pūhui, synthesis o organosilicon pūhui i loaʻa ka kalapona hana pūʻulu, exploration o reaction mechanisms, hoʻomaikaʻi o polymerization hana, a me ka holomua ana o ka silicone aila, silicone rubber, a me ka hui hui 'ana, etc.
Mai ka makahiki 1965, ma kahi o ka hoʻohui ʻana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea i loaʻa i kēia manawa, ua huli pū ka poʻe i ke kahua hou o ke kemika organosilicon. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea kaulana: organosilicon stereochemistry, organosilicon compounds me ka hana physiological, cyclic and linear polysilanes, silikoni like ʻole -containing reaction intermediates, unsaturated bond compounds of silicon, ternary apo compound i loaʻa ke silika, silicon -metal bond bond, polysilane block seconolymers{100}{101} dendritic and hyperbranched polymer compounds, etc. I loko o ka ʻoihana silicone, ke hoʻonui mau nei ka nui o ka hana o nā monomers silicone a me nā polymers, hoʻomaikaʻi mau ka ʻenehana hana, a ke emi mau nei nā kumukūʻai hana. ʻOi aku ka hoʻokūkū o nā huahana silicone. ʻO ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o nā huahana silicone he nui-hana a kiʻekiʻe-e like me nā polysiloxanes lāʻau lapaʻau, conductive a thermally conductive, ua hoʻonui mau i ko lākou laulā noi. Ke komo mau nei nā huahana Silicone i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina i nā ʻano nui e like me ka aila silikoni, ka lāʻau silicone, ka resin silicone, a me nā mea hoʻohui silane.